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1962 CR REFERENCES
Economy, Commerce, Agriculture, Fisheries 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress Agriculture: establish acreage allotments for Irish potatoes, 4859. Potatoes: establish acreage allotment on Irish (see bill S. 3050), 4859. Text of S. 3050, relative to Irish potatoes, 4860 4859; March 22, 1962; Notice only of a Muskie bill introduction, S.3050, establishing an acreage allotment for Irish potatoes. 4859; Muskie describes how his potato acreage allotment bill, S.3050, is designed to help reduce the price fluctuations which have been a major problem for Maine's potato growers. Read the text of his remarks here. The full bill text can be found at Page S4860. Vessel Eugenie II: document as U.S. vessel (see bill S. 3264), 7892. 7892; May 8, 1962; Notice of Muskie introduction of a bill, S.3264, to authorize and direct the Secretary of the Treasury to cause the vessel Eugenie II, owned by J.C. Strout of Milbridge, Maine, to be documented as a vessel of the United States with full coastwise privileges. At this time, the law required Congress to grant its assent to the chartering of private pleasure vessels. Commercial vessels, such as fishing boats, were routinely chartered by the Coast Guard. Private, non-commercial boat owners had to request such legislation from their representatives in the Congress. Because this was routine private legislation, Muskie made no introductory remarks, as would be normal for a public legislative bill. Today the Coast Guard has regulations in place that permit the chartering of private recreational vessels without the need for Congressional intervention. At the time Muskie was sponsoring bills such as this, recreational boating was a much smaller leisure activity than it is today. Depressed Areas Law Operating, by Sylvia Porter, in Bangor News, 8626. 8626; May 17, 1962; Muskie points out that although the Area Redevelopment Administration Act has only been in operation for a year some positive action is already occurring, and inserts a Sylvia Porter column about business loans under the Area Redevelopment Act. Sugar Act of 1948: amend and extend (see bill S. 3290), 8975. 8975; May 23, 1962; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of an Ellender (D-LA) bill, S.3290, to extend and amend the Sugar Act of 1948. Agriculture Act of 1962: bill (S. 3225) to enact, 9294. 9294; May 25, 1962; During debate on the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962, .S.3225, Muskie asks a question to clarify the operation of the dairy program but does not participate in the debate beyond that question. 10703; June 15, 1962; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Sparkman (D-AL) bill, S.3345, to provide guarantees to small businesses for leases of commercial and industrial property. Searsport Harbor, Maine: authorize project for (see bill S. 3578), 14942 14942; July 27,1962; Notice only of introduction of Muskie bill. S.3578, to authorize a project for Searsport Harbor, Maine. An authorization is a statutory provision in a law which authorizes funding for a program, an agency or a project. The House of Representatives is often reluctant to fund programs or projects where no authorizing legislation exists. As a result, Senators seek to authorize local projects such as this one to make sure that when the appropriations bill reaches the Senate, the authority to appropriate the funds will be in place. Committee on Banking and Currency, 19993, 19993; September 20, 1962; Muskie, on behalf of Senator Robertson (D-VA), reports without amendment a Banking Committee bill to permit banks to pay foreign government depositors different rates of interest than they pay to domestic depositors. Asleep on the Deep, Nation magazine, W. S. Ellis, A3139. A3139; April 30, 1962; Muskie inserts an article from Nation magazine about Maine fisheries problems and potential programs to address them. Environment, Parks, Historic Preservation, Wildlife 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress 7006; April 19, 1962; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of the Administration's mass transit bill, S.3126, which was introduced in the Senate by Williams, (D-NJ). When a President wants to shape legislation to his policy goals, he can ask that a member of the House or Senate who serves on the Committee of jurisdiction, to introduce a bill for that purpose. Such bills are usually described as introduced "by request" and serves as a benchmark for what the Administration prefers. They may be cosponsored, just as any other Senate bill. Amend: Public works standby authority bill (S. 2965),9268. 9268; May 25, 1962; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of the Kerr (D-OK) amendment to S.2965, to accelerate public works projects (federal, state and local), to authorize $750 million for the purpose, and to require that 10% of the funds used be subject to Area Redevelopment Act requirements. Department of the Interior and related agencies: bill (H.R. 10802) making appropriations, 10265. 10265; June 12, 1962; During debate on the Interior and Related Agencies appropriation, H.R.10802, Muskie raises questions with Senator Lausche (D-OH) about the source of the figures being used to challenge the costs of a lead/zinc subsidy program that was designed to maintain lead and zinc mines as operational during a period of low market prices for these commodities. National Security/ Foreign Affairs 1962 87th Congress, 2nd Session McCone, John A.: nomination to be CIA Director, 1326. 1326; January 31, 1962; During debate on the confirmation of John McCone to be Director of the CIA, Muskie's statement discusses the ambiguity of the CIA's role and the relative paucity of the Armed Services Committee's hearing record on the nomination, and endorses the idea of a Congressional Joint Committee to oversee the intelligence agency. Electronics Industries Association, by, 4762 4762; March 21, 1962; Senator Jackson (D-WA) inserts a Muskie speech to the Electronics Industries Association seminar on the Interdependence of Political, Scientific, and Military Planning. The text can be read here. Latin American problems, 4958, 4959 Smith, Margaret Chase: commendation of, 4958. 4958; 4959; March 24, 1962; Muskie is praises Senator Margaret Chase Smith (R-ME) on her views on the Alliance for Progress and other Latin American issues when she gives a statement on these issues. Appointed to Board of Visitors to Military Academy, 5746. 5746; April 3, 1962; Notice of Muskie's appointment to the Board of Visitors to the Military Academy. Members of Congress are appointed to serve on the Board of Visitors of all the military academies, a requirement of the schools' charters. 5899; 5900; April 4, 1962; Debate on a bill, S.2768, to authorize the purchase of UN bonds as a means of helping finance United Nations' operations. Muskie's speech is supportive and reproduces his address on similar subject matter at Catholic University on April 1, 1962. Communist Party, by Harold H. Martin, in Saturday Evening Post, 8626. Failure of World Communism, by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., in Saturday Evening Post, 8629. 8626; 8629; May 17, 1962; Muskie inserts two articles from the Saturday Evening Post dealing with the issue of freedom and communism within a free society, one by Harold H. Martin and one by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. Chicago Society of Polish National Alliance, by, 9264. 9264; May 24, 1962; EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS; Representative Roman C. Pucinski , Democratic Congressman from Illinois, inserts a Muskie speech discussing the broad shape of the international community in the past and in the future. Allies Are Carrying Their Share of Aid, by Frank M. Coffin, in Washington Post, 9653. 9653; June 5, 1962; Muskie inserts a Frank Coffin article from the Washington Post about American allies and AID, the Agency for International Development. Coffin was at this time serving as Deputy Administrator for AID.
U.S. in New World Situation, by Ralph McGill, in Washington Star, 9656. 9656; June 5, 1962; Muskie inserts an article from the Washington Star about the need for exports under current international economic conditions. 14630; July 25, 1962; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of S.Con.Res. 84, a resolution to provide that arrangements be made for the viewing of films created by USIA, the United States Information Agency, within the U.S. The specific films were footage of President and Mrs. Kennedy touring India and Pakistan. When Congress created the U.S. Information Agency, one of the standing prohibitions in the law was the ban on disseminating any informational materials gathered or created by any of the government-sponsored information agencies. 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress College Academic Facilities Act: bill (S.1241) to enact, 1804,1805 1804; 1805; February 6, 1962; In the debate on S.1241, the college facilities bill, Muskie supports student grants for higher education and defends the notion that grants and loans are both appropriate ways to help increase access to higher education. 1810; In continuation of the debate on the college facilities bill, Muskie defends the idea of multiple sources of funds for higher education, saying that loans, earned income, family contributions and grants can and should be combined to produce the funds necessary for college. An excerpt from the debate can be read here. Amend: Reservists and National Guardsmen (S.2697), 5476. 5476; March 29, 1962; Muskie offers a technical amendment (changing the word "administration to "administrator")to the reservists' bill, S.2697, on behalf of Senator Yarborough (D-TX), but takes no substantive role in the debate. The bill is voice voted. Senators are permitted to act on behalf of their absent colleagues in ways that staff personnel cannot. The prohibition against any speech on the Senate floor except from a Senator means that minor amendments such as this one must be articulated by a Senator. Medical Care for Aged, before Massachusetts Association of Relief Officers, by, 8496. 8496; May 16, 1962; Muskie inserts the text of his speech about President Kennedy's health care plan for the elderly to a Massachusetts group of health care professionals. Veterans: grant national service life insurance to certain (see bill S. 3289), 8975. 8975; May 23, 1962; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to S.3289, a Long (D-HI) bill to grant National Service Life Insurance to certain classes of veterans who were ineligible for it. Senator Long pursued this proposal for several years, and Muskie continued to cosponsor it each time it was introduced or rewritten.
Social Security Act: bill (H.R. 10606) relative to public assistance and child welfare programs,
13862.
Amend: Social Security Act: bill (H.R. 10606) relative to public assistance and child welfare
programs, 13862.
Older persons: medical care, 13862.
13862; July 17, 1962; During debate on H.R.10606, Muskie offers language with respect to the
staffing of skilled nursing facilities which would replace the existing requirement that such a
facility be "affiliated with" or "controlled by" a hospital, with a requirement that the Secretary of
Health, Education and Welfare consult with the American Hospital Association and the
accreditation bodies and use his discretionary authority to determine that a nursing facility has
the skilled workforce anticipated by the affiliation requirement. Muskie's amendment is
accepted. (The pending amendment was by Anderson (D-NM)).
13957; July 18, 1962; Muskie is shown as one of the cosponsors of the McNamara (D-MI) amendment to H.R.10904, the Labor-HEW Appropriations bill, to increase from $50 to $100 million the funding for manpower development and training. The authorization to $100 million for manpower training, the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962, was enacted in March 1962. The House, where appropriations bills originate, does not appropriate funds unless there is authorizing legislation in place. The argument was made that the recent law, raising the limit on manpower training funds, should be reflected in the appropriation. During debate on the amendment, Mansfield offered to amend it by cutting the increase in half, thus providing $75 million and the amendment was accepted. Muskie did not speak. Deaf persons: bill (S. 2511) to authorize educational films, 16110,16111. 16110; 16111; August 9, 1962; Muskie acts as floor manager for his bill, S.2511, to expand the program of films for the deaf. In arguing for his bill, Muskie includes his testimony about the program for the record. The bill is passed on a voice vote. A voice vote is a unanimous vote of the Senate of which the only record is provided by the daily transcript of the floor debate and the engrossment of the bill by the Presiding Officer. A voice vote can be taken only when no Senator objects. Any Senator has the right to demand a recorded vote and needs only a seconding motion. Voice votes are common on non-controversial bills where no Senator feels the need to make a more explicit record. Packaging and labeling: prohibit unfair and deceptive methods of (see bill S. 3745), 20398. 20398; September 24, 1962; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.3745, a Hart (D-MI) bill to amend the Clayton Act to prohibit unfair and deceptive methods of packaging and labeling of consumer products. Amend: Bill (H.R. 12820) to validate coverage of certain Arkansas State employees, 22780. Social Security Act: bill (H.R. 12820) to validate coverage of certain Arkansas State employees, 22780. 22780; October 8, 1962; Muskie acts as floor manager for a House-passed bill to add Maine as one of the states which may negotiate to obtain Social Security coverage for certain of its state employees. State employees were not automatically covered under the Social Security system, because some of the states felt their pension plans for their own employees were superior to the Social Security program. With the passage of time, however, many states have decided that it is in their interests to have their employees join the system. States which decide to do so must seek corrective legislation. Governmental Affairs 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress Appointed on Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 4243. 4243; March 15, 1962; Announcement of the appointment of Muskie and others to serve on the Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations. Federal grants-in-aid: coordinated review of State and local application for, 9450. Text of S. 3363, relative to Federal grants-in-aid, 9450 Metropolitan area planning: grants for continuing support of (see bill S. 3362), 9448. Municipalities: grants for metropolitan planning, 9449. 9448; May 29, 1962; Notice of two Muskie bill introductions, S.3362, a bill to provide grants for the continuing support of metropolitan area planning efforts, and S.3363, a bill to coordinate reviews of federal grants to the states. 9449; Muskie's introductory remarks on S.3362, a bill to provide grants for the continuing support of metropolitan area planning programs. 9450; Muskie statement introducing his bill on federal grants, which seeks to give city planning agencies a voice in the grants process so that plans for new facilities take into account both the needs of the state and the affected local area. White House Police force: bill (H.R. 11261) to increase 9487; 9487; May 29, 1962; Muskie acts as floor manager and passes a House bill, H.R.11261, dealing with the White House Police force. The bill lifts the manpower ceiling on the White House police force and makes permanent certain provisions which had previously been included in each year's annual appropriations measure. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations: report on first 2 years. 10623. Letter: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, by President Kennedy,10624. 10623, June 15, 1962; Muskie issues a report on the first two years' operation of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, including a letter from President Kennedy commending the work of the Members of Congress who served on the Commission. The report can be read here. Committee On Government Operations, 12234, 12235. 12234; June 29, 1962; Muskie reports and prints text of S.Res.359, authorizing the creation of an Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee. The Resolution is referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration later in the day; see Page 12235.
Muskie's strong interest in federalism lead him to work for the creation of a Senate
Subcommittee focused on the issue. The resolution reported above is the first step in doing so.
Letter: Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations, by, 13386. 13386; July 12, 1962; Mansfield (D-MT) calls up S. Res. 359, creating the subcommittee on intergovernmental relations, and includes the text of a letter from Muskie to the Rules Committee, asking that the Committee give favorable consideration to the creation of the subcommittee. The resolution creating the Subcommittee is agreed to by voice vote. The procedure is shown here. 15192; August 1, 1962; Muskie introduces S.3592, a bill to provide greater flexibility to the states in the use of certain public health grants. Notice of bill introduction only. This bill is essentially identical to S.1467, a bill Muskie introduced the previous year, with the difference that this bill is referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, the Senate Committee with jurisdiction over health programs. Most of the work of the Senate is done in the Committees, and each Senator serves on several. Each Committee has its traditional area of jurisdiction over various federal programs, and there can be significant internal discussion and disagreement over the assignment of a bill to a particular Committee. Committee jurisdiction is jealously guarded, and Chairmen are quick to respond when they perceive that some element of public law over which the have enjoyed jurisdiction is claimed by some other Committee. Muskie's bills dealing with federalism and reform of government grant programs were written by and for the Government Affairs Committee, on which he served, and where he could have the greatest influence in the shaping of the final law. The introduction of such a bill for the jurisdiction of another Committee suggests that the bill was the subject of a turf struggle and that without the step of providing a bill for the Labor and Public Welfare Committee, the chances of action on the original bill were minimal. Committee on the Economic impact of National Defense (Select) : establish (see S. Res. 375), 16022. 16022; August 9, 1962; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor on S. Res. 375, a Hart (D-MI) resolution to establish a Select Committee on the Economic Impact of National Defense. Select and Special Committees are created in the Senate to serve a particular purpose. They have no legislative jurisdiction. Any change in law that might arise from their work is written in the regular standing Committee with jurisdiction over the subject-matter. Select Committees are often created for the purpose of carrying out one discrete task and then abolished. In this instance, the demands of the defense establishment were increasingly seen as competing with other urgent national needs and there was significant sentiment in support of reviewing the role of defense spending in the national economy. Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations: notice of hearings, 19323. 19323; September 13, 1962; Muskie announces an executive session of the newly-created Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, followed by an open hearing on the problems in federal-state-local relations. 19906-19908; September 19, 1962; Muskie announces that the first hearing by new Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee had been held the prior day, that it took the form of a panel discussion. He includes the opening remarks given by the three Members, himself as Chairman, Senator Ervin (D-NC), and Senator Mundt (R-SD), the minority Member. New Look at Old Laws, from Nation's Business, A7344. A7344; October 6, 1962; Muskie inserts an article from the magazine, Nation's Business, on grants-in-aid from the federal government to the states. Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, Civil Law 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress Poll tax: resolution (S.J. Res. 29) to abolish, 4941. Alexander Hamilton National Monument: resolution (S.J. Res. 29) to establish (use of, as vehicle for poll tax amendment), 4941. 4941; March 24, 1962; During a filibuster of a resolution to establish a monument to Alexander Hamilton, which was designed to force a vote on S.J.Res.58, the poll tax Constitutional Amendment, Muskie offers a routine objection to Senator Eastland's (D-MS) effort to pass the filibuster along to another Senator without giving up the floor. When the civil rights era of the 1960s began to gather strength, the first obstacle that had to be overcome was to bring legislation to the floor so that it could be debated and voted on. Supporters of civil rights legislation would seek to make a non-controversial bill the vehicle for calling up a civil rights law in the form of an amendment. When this occurred, it was the signal for a filibuster by opponents of civil rights laws. Senate rules decree that no Senator speaking on the floor may be interrupted or deprived of his right to speak without his own permission. The only way to end a filibuster at this time was for two-thirds of the Senate to vote against it (Under current rules, a filibuster can be ended with 60 votes).
Neither those opposed to the civil rights laws nor those favoring them controlled the Senate by a
sufficient margin to win a decisive victory at this time. As a result, civil rights filibusters were
"managed" by the supporters of civil rights bill being alert to enforce the exact letter of the rule --
that a Senator must be standing on the floor and continuing to speak. In this instance, Muskie is
playing that role by preventing one Senator (Eastland) from passing the torch to another without
giving up his right to the floor. Whenever a Senator surrenders the floor, it must be surrendered
to the presiding officer and can be claimed by the first Senator standing who requests it.
Immigration and Nationality Act: amend relative to quotas (see bill S. 3043),5211. 5211; March 28, 1962; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Hart (D-MI) bill, S.3043, to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act with respect to immigration quotas. At this time, immigration quotas were governed by nationality, not by family ties as they are today. Quotas were based on the percentage of nationalities that made up the 1897 U.S. population. The thought behind this system in the early decades of the century was to perpetuate the basic makeup of the American population by permitting immigrants in proportion to the numbers of their compatriots who were resident in the U.S. at the end of the 19th century. By the 1960s, many people had concluded that the law systematically discriminated against immigrants from Central and Latin America, Asia and Africa. It was abolished and replaced with a family-relationship quota system in 1966, taking full effect in 1968. Briganti, Salvatore: bill (S. 971) for relief of, 9486. 9486; May 29, 1962; Muskie moves for the adoption of a private bill dealing with an individual caught between incompatible versions of immigration law. Private bills are commonly used to deal with the idiosyncratic problems that can arise when conflicting requirements of the law affect an individual and the law provides no way to resolve the conflict, or such cases when compensation to a citizen from the government may be warranted but is not actually covered by any existing law. Most private bills arise from constituent casework, where the ability of a Senator's caseworker staff runs up against limits in the law or lack of legal authority covering the particular circumstances of a given case. Details of private bills are never published in the Congressional Record. The paperwork justifying a private bill is handled by the Committee of jurisdiction, usually the Judiciary Committee, which reviews the facts and law of the case and determines whether or not to report favorably on it. Private bills were more common in past years; the expansion of federal courts of adjudication and other arbitration mechanisms throughout government leaves fewer persons who have legitimate claims without redress. Additionally, past scandals in which individual Members of Congress were found to be selling their ability to introduce private bills have helped reduce the willingness of Members to introduce private bills. Attorney General's Opinion on Wiretaps, by Robert F. Kennedy, in New York Times, 9655. 9655; June 5, 1962; Muskie inserts a Robert Kennedy article from the New York Times on the issue of wiretaps. At this time, Robert F. Kennedy was serving as Attorney General in the administration of his brother, President John F. Kennedy. Vote in Federal elections: protect rights of citizens to (see bill S. 3576), 14942. 14942; July 27, 1962; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor on a Dodd (D-CT) bill, S.3576, to protect citizens' rights to cast a vote in Federal elections. Before the Voting Rights Act was enacted, many Americans recognized that the systematic disenfranchisement of black Americans was wrong. There were arguments that changes in State voting laws which affected federal elections could be accomplished by legislation without requiring Constitutional amendment. Federal civil rights laws were ultimately enacted without further amendment of the Constitution, but by relying on the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal rights, not by focusing on federal elections. Meantime, supporters of voting rights and civil rights gave their support to all forms of civil rights proposals. Sui, Chin Wa, for relief (see bill S. 3740). 20283. 20283; September 21, 1962; Notice of a Muskie introduction of a private bill S.3740, for the benefit of Chin Wa Sui. Private bills are commonly used to deal with the idiosyncratic problems that can arise when conflicting requirements of the law affect an individual and the law provides no way to resolve the conflict, or such cases when compensation to a citizen from the government may be warranted but is not actually covered by any existing law. Most private bills arise from constituent casework, where the ability of a Senator's caseworker staff runs up against limits in the law or lack of legal authority covering the particular circumstances of a given case. Details of private bills are never published in the Congressional Record. The paperwork justifying a private bill is handled by the Committee of jurisdiction, usually the Judiciary Committee, which reviews the facts and law of the case and determines whether or not to report favorably on it. Private bills were more common in past years; the expansion of federal courts of adjudication and other arbitration mechanisms throughout government leaves fewer persons who have legitimate claims without redress. Additionally, past scandals in which individual Members of Congress were found to be selling their ability to introduce private bills have helped reduce the willingness of Members to introduce private bills. Mississippi: support efforts of President to enforce compliance with Federal court mandates in (see S. Con. Res. 96). 22119. 22119; October 4, 1962; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Keating (R-NY) resolution, S. Con. Res. 96, to express Congressional support for the President's efforts to enforce compliance with the mandate of the Federal courts in Mississippi. Although the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional in 1954, progress towards integration was slow. In 1962, in Meredith v. Fair the Supreme Court ruled that James Meredith, an applicant to the University of Mississippi, could not be denied admission. Governor Ross Barnett sought to circumvent that court order, while the Kennedy administration tried to enforce it. When rioting erupted at the University. federal troops had to be sent to Mississippi to restore order, and the general national consensus was that Mississippi's state officials had left the President no alternative. Miscellaneous 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress
393; January 17, 1962; Muskie makes a brief comment on the death of Senator Styles Bridges, a Maine native who represented New Hampshire in the U.S. Senate. Senator Bridges served in the Senate from 1937 until his death. It is a long-standing Senate tradition to eulogize Senators who leave the body either by reason of death, retirement, or defeat. When Senators die in office, tributes by their colleagues are collected and reproduced for the benefit of surviving family members and the community in which the Member lived. In exceptional circumstances, booklets of such tributes are printed by the Government Printing Office for wider distribution. And in extremely exceptional circumstances, individuals such as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis are honored by such tributes and booklets. After Senator Muskie's death, the transcript of his funeral service and Senate tributes were printed as a booklet and distributed to interested parties. Hayden, Carl: 50th anniversary of congressional service, 2413. 2413; February 19, 1962; On behalf of Senator Muskie, who is absent due to illness, Mansfield (D-MT) inserts a Muskie statement extolling Senator Carl Hayden's longevity in public service. Carl Hayden was elected to the House of Representatives in 1912, when Arizona became a state, and to the Senate in 1926. In his time, he had the longest term of service in the Congress, 56 years, and by the end of his service, the longest term in the Senate, 42 years. The congratulations offered to Senators for reaching common or obscure mileposts or setting new records in Senatorial duties are a feature of the Senate which adds greatly to the perception that it is an exclusive club. Although these mileposts are often meaningless to outsiders, within the Senate, it is a matter of protocol to honor such events with words of praise. Douglas, Paul: 70th birthday, 4997.
4997; March 26, 1962; Muskie joins other Senators in offering congratulations upon the occasion of Senator Douglas' 70th birthday. Senator Douglas was a Democrat, elected to represent Illinois. The congratulations offered to Senators for reaching common or obscure mileposts or setting new records in Senatorial duties are a feature of the Senate which adds greatly to the perception that it is an exclusive club. Although these mileposts are often meaningless to outsiders, within the Senate, it is a matter of protocol to honor such events with words of praise. Johnson, Lyndon B.: 25th anniversary of election to House of Representatives, 6213. 6213; April 10, 1962; Muskie makes congratulatory comments on the silver anniversary of Lyndon Johnson's public service as an elected official. Johnson was then serving as Vice President, but he had served as a Senator from Texas and as Senate Majority Leader. The congratulations offered to Senators for reaching common or obscure mileposts or setting new records in Senatorial duties are a feature of the Senate which adds greatly to the perception that it is an exclusive club. Although these mileposts are often meaningless to outsiders, within the Senate, it is a matter of protocol to honor such events with words of praise. Bush, Prescott: retirement, 8496. 8496; May 16, 1962; Muskie comments on the retirement of Senator Prescott Bush of Connecticut. He was the father of President George H.W. Bush, and the grandfather of President George W. Bush. There is a long tradition of Senatorial eloquence employed in the service of Senatorial comity. In the early years of the new Congress at the end of the 18th century, the use of elaborate courtesies in debate was an element of the efforts to prevent physical assaults in the Chamber. Although not always successful, the tradition gradually grew stronger and it has been many years since any member of the Senate physically assaulted another. The tradition is maintained through elaborate verbal celebrations of landmarks in each Senator's career by other Senators. Birthdays, anniversaries, consecutive vote counts, as well as retirements and deaths are all occasions when Senatorial colleagues offer up statements of congratulations, regret, and respect to each other. It is this tradition, among other factors, which accounts for the frequent description of the Senate as being the "world's most exclusive club." Tribute to Sister Miriam Theresa by Senator Morse, 8630. 8630; May 17, 1962; Muskie inserts into the Congressional Record Senator Morse's (D-OR) statement about Sister Miriam Theresa of Marylhurst, an Oregon nun. The rules of the Senate bar anyone except a Senator from speaking on the floor of the Senate. Exceptions to this rule require the unanimous agreement of all Senators. One result of this strong rule is that when Senators are unable to be present, for whatever reason, they ask colleagues to insert statements on their behalf. Because no Senator can ever be in the Senate Chamber at all times the Senate is meeting, it is common for Senators to do favors for each other by asking that statements be recorded even though the "speaker" is not present. Long, Oren E.: tribute, 22240. 22240; October 4, 1962; Muskie makes a verbal tribute to the retiring Hawaii Senator, Oren Long. There is a long tradition of Senatorial eloquence employed in the service of Senatorial comity. In the early years of the new Congress at the end of the 18th century, the use of elaborate courtesies in debate was an element of the efforts to prevent physical assaults in the Chamber. Although not always successful, the tradition gradually grew stronger and it has been many years since any member of the Senate physically assaulted another. The tradition is maintained through elaborate verbal celebrations of landmarks in each Senator's career by other Senators. Birthdays, anniversaries, consecutive vote counts, as well as retirements and deaths are all occasions when Senatorial colleagues offer up statements of congratulations, regret, and respect to each other. It is this tradition, among other factors, which accounts for the frequent description of the Senate as being the "world's most exclusive club." Smith. Benjamin A., : tribute, 22253. 22253; October 4, 1962; Muskie makes a floor statement on the career of the retiring Senator Benjamin Smith of Massachusetts. Senator Smith was appointed to fill out the term of Senator John F. Kennedy, when he was elected to the Presidency in 1960. There is a long tradition of Senatorial eloquence employed in the service of Senatorial comity. In the early years of the new Congress at the end of the 18th century, the use of elaborate courtesies in debate was an element of the efforts to prevent physical assaults in the Chamber. Although not always successful, the tradition gradually grew stronger and it has been many years since any member of the Senate physically assaulted another. The tradition is maintained through elaborate verbal celebrations of landmarks in each Senator's career by other Senators. Birthdays, anniversaries, consecutive vote counts, as well as retirements and deaths are all occasions when Senatorial colleagues offer up statements of congratulations, regret, and respect to each other. It is this tradition, among other factors, which accounts for the frequent description of the Senate as being the "world's most exclusive club." G. E. Bowe Winners, Bates College, F. M. Coffin, A2265. G. E. Bowe Team Brings Fame to Bates College, Bates Bulletin, A2265. A.2265; Pages 2265 missing from permanent CR. SEE IF MUSKIE ARCHIVE WILL LOOK UP AND XEROX WHATEVER IS ON PAGE A2265 OF THE PERMANENT RECORD. May Craig: TV Star, Look magazine, Eleanor Harris. A2747. A2747; April 10, 1962; Muskie inserts into the Congressional Record an article from Look magazine about May Craig, a Maine reporter. Senate Rules, Procedures, Assignments, Housekeeping 1962 87th Congress, 2nd Session Committee meetings during session, 1421. Bills passed over, 5472-5475,9488-9491. 5472-5475; March 29, 1962; Muskie, on behalf of the Majority Leader, objects to second reading of the following bills. H.R.3008, Private relief bill for Hom Hong Hing, also known as Tommy Joe. S.17, conferring jurisdiction on the Court of Claims to make findings with respect to the amount of compensation to which certain individuals are entitled as reimbursement for damages sustained by them as a result of the cancellation of their grazing permits by the U.S. Air Force. HR 1361, Relief of James M. Norman. H.R.1961, to amend the Bankruptcy Act H.R. 4473, to amend the Bankruptcy Act with respect to limiting the priority and non dischargeability of taxes in bankruptcy . The occasions where Muskie "objected" to consideration of various bills reflect a parliamentary practice that was common in the 1960s but has since been modified. The Rules of the Senate prescribe virtually every action that any Senator can take on the Senate floor while the body is in session. Under the rules of the Senate, a bill must have three readings before it can be voted on. Specific Senate rules then govern procedure with respect to each step in the process. Rule XIV requires that when a bill or resolution is introduced it must lie over for a day "under the rule" before it can be considered. Upon second reading, a bill is open to amendment and further action, unless objection to the second reading is heard. In that case, the bill in essence goes into limbo, because it cannot go to third reading unless it has had second reading. Rather than limbo, the Senate assigns such bills to the General Orders Calendar, where they are in effect dead for the remainder of the Congress. This procedure was used frequently in the 1960s and into the 1970s to clear the backlog of bills that had not been assigned to Committees, House bills that had been received or measures that had been introduced but then superceded for some reason. Because these backlogged bills were generally noncontroversial, the chore of objecting to second reading was often assigned to junior Senators, who were obliged to be present on the Senate floor while the procedure was conducted. Today this process is generally made part of the end-of-day wrap-up of Senate business and no longer requires a clerk to read, a Presiding Officer to make the motion to move to second reading, and a Senator on the floor to object. Instead, the procedure is reduced to paper, and is agreed to by unanimous consent, usually with no one on the Senate floor except the two Senate leaders. 7835; May 7, 1962; Muskie is listed as one of signers of the cloture petition on a constitutional amendment dealing with literacy as a requirement for voting eligibility; 8060; May 9, 1962; Muskie is listed on the second cloture petition covering the same subject matter.
Cloture is the term used to describe the process by which a filibuster can be ended in the Senate.
At the time of this vote, the requirement was that a cloture petition, signed by no fewer than 16
Senators, be presented to the Senate, by being formally presented to the desk where Senate
business is filed, and that a cloture vote, a vote on the petition, be held no sooner than 48 hours
thereafter. A successful cloture vote in 1962 required the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the
Senators in the Chamber at the time, a high hurdle to overcome. Signing a cloture petition was a
way for a Senator to indicate stronger-than-average support for a position in favor of or against
the pending legislation.
District of Columbia: bill (S. 3157) relative to sites for public buildings, 9485. 9485; May 29, 1962; A bill designed to limit public building sites within D.C. was amended by the House to allow Congress to exert authority over sites in the Capitol complex. Muskie moves to accept the House amendment, which the Senate does on a voice vote. As the city of Washington D.C. has expanded as a business and residential location, and the federal government has grown, inevitable conflicts over issues of land use arise. The District of Columbia cannot expand beyond its Constitutional boundaries and federal buildings in the District are exempt from the local property tax. Over the years, various attempts have been made to reconcile the needs of the government and the demands of city residents and businesses. This bill is one such effort. The fact that the House used this bill as a vehicle for giving Congress an additional grant of authority over the area surrounding the Capitol complex (and the fact that the Senate happily agreed) reflects the fact that Congress has never been immune to the desire to expand its reach. Committee on the Organization of the Congress (Joint) : establish (see S. Con. Res. 93), 20757. 20757; September 26, 1962; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of a Clark (D-PA) resolution, S. Con. Res. 93, to create a Joint Committee on the Organization of the Congress. A joint committee is one which includes Members of the House of Representatives as well as Members of the Senate. Joint Committees are relatively rare in the history of the Congress and have predominantly been concerned with such issues as taxation, where the Constitution grants to one House the exclusive right to originate tax bills, and national security, where secrecy is a concern. Efforts to create joint committees on other kinds of subject matter usually reflect frustration with the differing rules of the House and Senate and have historically not been successful, because enough members of each House see advantages in their own house rules which they are reluctant to give up. Under the Constitution, the Vice President is "President" of the Senate but has no authority to do anything except preside and cast tie-breaking votes. Most Vice Presidents do not spend much time in the Presiding Officer's chair during normal Senate sessions. Instead, the Senate selects a President "pro tempore" (Latin, meaning, "for the time being"), who is traditionally the longest-serving Senator of the majority party. It is the President pro tempore who, usually by letter, names a designee to fulfil the duties of the President pro tempore when that Senator is unable to be present. As for most such Senate chores, the designee is usually a junior Senator of the majority party. Budget, Taxes, Fiscal Policy 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress 1445; February 2, 1962; Muskie inserts a Sylvia Porter article from the Bangor Daily News which discusses whether the tenuously balanced budget for 1963 is realistic or not. Budget figures have been a subject of partisan debate for many decades. By inserting this article, Muskie is endorsing the White House view of its budget figures. Letter: Transactions tax on silver, by, 18327. 18327; August 31, 1962; Muskie is one of 15 Senators writing to Senator Magnuson (D-WA), the Chairman of the Commerce Committee, to urge that the repeal of a tax on silver bullion transfers be coupled with the repeal of the silver purchase laws entirely, as President Kennedy requested, rather than being separately treated. Changes in U.S. silver stocks were seen as having effects on the silver markets, especially in London, to the detriment of U.S. markets in silver. Trade, Export Subsidies, Tariffs 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress Reciprocal trade agreements: administration's proposals, 6035. Trade Program, by Harold O. Toor, U.S. Shoe Manufacturing Industry, 6035. 6035; April 5, 1962; Muskie explains his Orderly Marketing Act and inserts the House testimony of Harold Toor, representative of the shoe industry, supporting an orderly marketing program in a hearing held by the House Ways and Means Committee. Association of Shoe Executives of Maine, by, 7615 Shoe imports, 7615, 8541-8544. 7615; May 2, 1962; EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS. Muskie statement on the condition of shoe manufacturing and import competition, plus the text of Muskie's remarks to the Shoe Executives of Maine in Augusta. Textile Imports: bill (H.R. 10788) to regulate 8524, 8525, 8533, 8534, 8539-8544, 8652, 8654 Press release: shoe industry seriously concerned by increasing imports, by Maxwell Field, 8542. Table: Shoe imports, 8544. 8541-8544; May 16, 1962; During debate on H.R. 10788, which amends the Agriculture Act by permitting textile quotas to be imposed, Muskie argues with Senator Hruska (R-NE) and some other Westerners about a Western amendment which would have killed the textile quotas but without giving anything much to the livestock industry, which was agitating for special treatment for its own problems. 8652; May 17, 1962; In an effort to placate Westerners and other agricultural interests, Senator Humphrey (D-MN) offers an amendment to somewhat strengthen the language granting President Kennedy the right to negotiate trade agreements where imports are causing injury to domestic producers. Opponents argue that the Humphrey amendment seems to limit the authority given to the President by the rest of the bill. Muskie makes a brief statement in response. At this period, as the Kennedy Administration was seeking to finalize a world trade regime to encourage more free trade, the textile industry had successfully achieved the Administration's support for limits on textile imports from the 18 countries most involved. Not surprisingly, representatives of states with other interests wished to jump on this bandwagon and force through negotiations that would give their states' products similar protection. Muskie was making the point that loading the bill up with other products would essentially doom it, and that the textile agreements ought to be accepted as sui generis. Letter: Forest products as agricultural commodity, by John C. Bagwell, 8525. 8525; May 16, 1962; During debate on H.R. 10788, a bill to amend the 1956 Agricultural Act to give the President the power to impose quotas on textile imports, Muskie raised the question of whether, as written, Section 204 of the Agricultural Act (the section being amended by the bill) would apply to forestry products. Muskie introduced into the Record a letter from the Agriculture Department discussing this question and setting forth the Department's understanding of the Section. The principal issue in contention in the broader debate was the demand of the livestock and beef industry to be given treatment equivalent to that granted to textiles. Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (H.R. 11970), 15395 15395; August 2, 1962; Muskie submits an amendment to H.R.11970, the trade bill, in the form of authority for the negotiation of Orderly Marketing Agreements. Notice of amendment only, no text. Trade Expansion Act of 1962: proposed amendment, 15506. Shoe industry: trade legislation, 15506, Trade Legislation, by Harold 0. Toor, 15507 Table: Footwear industry: trade data, 15507, 15508. Report: Number of Employees in Footwear Industry and Location of Plants, 15509. 15506; August 2, 1962; The text of Muskie's explanatory remarks on his trade amendment, which is a proposal to add authority for the President to negotiate Orderly Marketing Agreements when the particular industry and conditions warrant. Letter: Textile imports, to President Kennedy, by, 15572. 15572; August 3, 1962; Muskie is one of many signatories to a letter to President Kennedy about the shortcomings in the State Department's negotiating stance with respect to textile imports. The letter is inserted in the Congressional Record by Thurmond (D-SC). Senator Thurmond was appointed to the Senate as a Democrat, in December, 1954. He had already won election to the same seat as a write-in candidate a month earlier. He served as a Democrat until September 16, 1964, when he changed his party affiliation to Republican. He has served as a Republican ever since. Textile industry, imports, 18237-18239. 18237-18239; August 30, 1962; During Senator Pastore's (D-RI) floor statement on the editorial comment by the Washington Post that President Kennedy is being "blackmailed" by the textile industry, Muskie makes a brief comment to make the point that there has never been absolutely free trade, but that instead, governments has always used tariffs, trade expansion efforts and so forth to give the advantage to their own country's products, so negotiations on textile imports are no different than negotiations over any other product. Muskie makes the further point that the absence of negotiated settlements is more likely to create a true protectionist backlash.
Trade Expansion Act, before Senate committee, by, 18243. 18243; August 30, 1962; Muskie inserts a copy of his testimony before the Finance Committee about his Orderly Marketing Act amendment to the Trade Expansion Act.
Trade Expansion Act of 1962: bill (H.R. 11970) to enact, 19857-19869. Telegram: Trade bill, by sundry members of shoe industry, 19859. 19857-19869; September 19, 1962; In the debate on the Trade Expansion bill, Muskie makes a statement in support of the bill because the Senate Finance Committee's addition of Sec.352 embodies the Muskie Orderly Marketing Agreement proposal. Housing, Urban Renewal, Economic Development 1962 2nd Session, 87th Congress Much Ado, by Walter Lippmann, in Washington Post, 1442. 1442; February 2, 1962; Muskie remarks on the upcoming vote on Reorganization Plan 1, to create a Department of Urban Affairs and Housing. He inserts a Walter Lippman article from the Washington Post which argues that the plan grants no new powers to government but instead reorganizes the programs then currently operated by different agencies to make them more efficient. Arguments over issues of governmental reorganization have waxed and waned throughout the nation's history, and various mechanisms have been adopted over time to formalize the process by which the powers and responsibilities of agencies are expanded or contracted. At this time, Presidents submitted formal reorganization plans to the Congress which took effect unless affirmatively rejected. This is one form of the legislative veto which the Congress used for decades to attempt to overcome Administration policies with which it disagreed. The use of the legislative veto over agency regulations was overturned in the Supreme Court ruling, I.N.S. v. Chadha, in 1983. Rockefeller on Department of Urban Affairs, from New York Times, 1675. Department of Urban Affairs and Housing: views of Governor Rockefeller, 1675, 1677, 1678, 1967, 1968. Rockefeller, Nelson A.: statement on Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, 1675, 1677, 1678, Rockefeller, Nelson A.: views on Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, 1967, 1968. Rockefeller, Nelson A.: views on Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, 1967, 1968. 1675; February 2, 1962; Muskie inserts material about Rockefeller's apparent change of heart on the idea of creating a Department of Housing and Urban Affairs, and on an earlier dispute over having a black person head up the proposed new Department. He is challenged by Republican Senators who defend Rockefeller's position. 1967; February 7, 1962; In response to a challenge by Republican Senators that he document more fully the scope of Rockefeller's flipflop on the creation of a Cabinet agency for housing, Muskie provides a further explanation and additional materials. Questions and answers on establishment of Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, 2132. Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, 2132. Report HHFA Programs for Small Communities, 2134. Questions and answers on establishment of Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, 2132. Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, 2132. Report HHFA Programs for Small Communities, 2134. 2132; February 8, 1967; Muskie inserts a Q & A sheet about the Urban Affairs Department proposal in the Congressional Record to defuse some of the political rhetoric surrounding the creation of a Department of Housing and Urban Affairs. Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, by, 3221. Table: Housing data. 3230, 3231. Table: Housing and Home Finance Agency, employment data, 3232. Table: Department of Urban Affairs and Housing: employment data, 3233, Table: Housing data. 3230, 3231. Table: Housing and Home Finance Agency, employment data, 3232. Table: Department of Urban Affairs and Housing: employment data, 3233, Table: Executive departments: establishment of, 3235. 3221; March 1, 1962; Part of a package of information provided by Muskie which is placed in the Congressional Record on his behalf by Senator Mansfield (D-MT) because of Muskie's auto accident and subsequent absence. The data are inserted as part of a package of materials to combat a successful Senate effort to prevent debate on Reorganization Plan 1, the proposal to create a cabinet department for housing and urban development. |